Interactive Tools

Winter Grazing Workbook

 

Here is a collection of calculators for use in your winter grazing management decisions.

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Table 1: Crop types used for swath grazing and corn grazing

Four primary crop types that are used for swath grazing below are presented with their expected or average yields (in tons/acre and lb/acre) and typical utilization rates. Standing corn for grazing is included in this table with its average yield range and utilization rates.

Crop TypeUtilization RateExpected Yield (tons/ac)Expected Yield (lb/acre)
Barley58% to 92%1.5 to 2.53,000 to 5,000
Oats58% to 90%2.0 to 3.54,000 to 7,000
Triticale80% to 88%2.0 to 3.04,000 to 6,000
Oat/Rape/Pea Mix60 to 90%3.5+over 7,900
Corn (standing)57% to 80%2.6 to 8.45,200 to 16,800

Table 2: Crop types for determining crop-residue grazing management practices

A variety of different crops grown in Alberta are in this chart, and the amount of straw that is produced on average (considering other factors such as growing season constraints like moisture and disease) as well as chaff for the three main soil zone areas. Generally, the amount of straw produced in Grey Wooded Soils is similar to the Black Soil zone. 

CropSoil ZoneStraw (lb/bu. grain)Chaff (lb/bu. grain)
HRS WheatBrown5020 to 25
Dark Brown65
Black80
CPS WheatBrown4020 to 25
Dark Brown50
Black60
Barley (hullled)Brown305 to 10
Dark Brown35
Black45
Barley (hulless)Brown3020 to 25
Dark Brown35
Black45
OatsBrown305 to 10
Dark Brown35
Black45
CanolaBrown4015 to 20
Dark Brown50
Black60
PeasBrown4020 to 25
Dark Brown50
Black60
LentilsAny1030
FlaxAny2515
Fall RyeAny6020

Table 3: Animal Unit Equivalents (AUEs) of various grazing livestock species and their classes

There are six different species of grazing livestock typically raised in Alberta. Their average weight and expected daily intake (in % body weight and forage dry matter (DM) per day) are recorded below.

Livestock SpeciesWeight (lb)% Intake of Body WeightForage DM Intake (lb/day)AUE
Cattle
Weaned calf5002.512.50.50
Yearling 7502.518.80.75
Small mature cow with or without calf (beef)1,0002.525.01.00
Large mature cow with or without calf (beef)15002.537.51.50
Small mature bull15002.537.51.50
Large mature bull22002.555.02.20
Dairy cow (lactating)15003.045.01.50
Horses
Yearling5002.512.50.50
Two-year-old7002.517.50.70
Small 3-yr-old and older1,0002.020.01.00
Large 3-yr-old and older1,5002.028.01.50
Adult draft2,5002.050.02.50
Sheep & Goats
Weaned lamb/kid753.52.60.08
Ewe or doe with/without lamb or kid (meat or non-dairy)1502.53.80.150
Lactating dairy ewe or doe1504.06.00.150
Ram or buck2003.06.00.200
Deer
All sexes2003.06.00.20
Bison
Yearling7002.517.50.70
Cow1,0002.525.01.00
Bull2,0002.550.02.00
Elk
Yearling3503.010.50.60
Cow with or without calf5502.5013.80.55
Bull7502.518.80.75

Corn & Swath Grazing Calculators

For grazing standing corn, and for grazing annual cereal or cocktail covercrop-mix crop swaths during winter.

Bale Grazing Calculator

For setting out large round hay bales and having livestock consume them on a set part of a field or pasture for the winter.

Crop-Residue Grazing Calculator

For grazing post-harvested crops that either still have straw left or only chaff for grazing.

Stockpile Grazing Calculator

For grazing stockpiled forages.